Essay, internet politics.

e-Democracy and the 2007 Australian Federal Elections

The advance in internet and communication technology is currently revolutionizing politics on a local, state, federal and international level. Communications between politicians or MPs and the public community is shifting towards the internet in order to connect with a larger public voting base. This shift has furthermore connected Politian’s to differing demographics of the information age which they would not have connected to in traditional political avenues.

The emergence of the internet and associated communication technologies has lent politics to a new medium. The combination of politics and the internet is called e-democracy.
The concept of e-democracy is associated with efforts to broaden political participation by enabling citizens to connect with one another and with their representatives via new information and communication technologies(1).

This particular definition emphases the political stance gained by political parties. On the other hand Kenneth Hacker and Jan van Dijk delve deeper into digital democracy as:

The use of information and communication technology (ITC) and computer-mediated communication (CMC) in all kinds of media for purposes of enhancing political democracy or the participation of citizens in democratic communication. A collection of attempts to practice democracy without the limits of time, space, and other physical conditions, using ITC and CMC instead, as an addition, not a replacement for traditional ‘analogue’ political practices(2).

Digital democracy or e-democracy impacts upon relationships between the political and the public in a positive manor. E-democracy is seen to strengthen the relationship by humanizing the politician. The internet poses the potential to make politics freely accessible and democratic forcing politicians to become more open, accountable and human(6). Internet politics involve the citizen more in the actual decision-making process, by consulting and also enabling the ability to discuss and deliberate government policy proposals(3). The discussion and deliberation between the public and politic allows an interaction that strengthens the support or vote the public has for a particular party.

The 2007 Australian elections between the Howard (Liberal) and Rudd (Labour) government saw the first e-democracy campaigning in the country. The increase in professional mainstream use of political websites and blogs illustrate the way in which Australian political parties have utilized a new form of media to tackle the lack of mainstream coverage and successfully re-stage political argument in the cyber world rather than televised sound(5). The Howard government had been in power from 1995 until Kevin Rudd took the upper hand at an early stage in the election by utilizing communication technologies to his advantage. The 2007 election was the first time in Australian politics that the internet has been used as a political campaign and outlet to advertise to voters.

The rise and popularity of the internet has encouraged political parties to set up websites to directly communicate with voters.
Election campaigns in other countries have utilised the internet in producing websites for candidates and their parties. The Australian social media mirrored the American internet campaign and produced election sites including a special election2007 channel created by Google providing tools to chart trends, access electorate and candidate information, electorate boundaries over Google Maps and hyperlinks to YouTube political video clip channels(4).

The YouTube debate and rebuttal from candidate to candidate interested most internet users, capturing a demographic that was previously unreachable. Over 600 videos were posted on YouTube; the 40 videos by Howard’s Liberal Party had 140, 00 views, however Rudd’s Labor Party posted 64 videos which received 460, 000 views and also 1.5 million views across channels and social networking sites(4).

Figure 1. Australian Labor Party

In conjunction with the election2007 channel, social networking sites also created election ‘channels’ and selected candidates were invited to join(4). Social networking allowed politicians to have a direct point of contact with the Australian public who could voice their opinions to Howard or Rudd without going through the traditional chains of government.
The initiative allowed politicians to control the profile and image they presented and provided them with the opportunity to communicate directly with Myspace members, a demographic often difficult to reach(4).
The social networking sites dramatically increased the popularity of Kevin Rudd to the point where his campaign team requested Facebook to increase the individual friend limit(6).

The internet opened up a demographic that was previous unreachable in previous traditional campaigning strategies. Labor leader Kevin Rudd was able to use the internet to his advantage and became a successful campaign tool. Kevin Rudd was able to provoke a greater interest via internet campaigning, allowing users to further engage in his political ideas through hyperlinks between social networking sites, YouTube and other political channels. John Howard’s party lacked dedication towards internet campaigning which ultimately lead to the loss of the cyber demographic to Kevin Rudd(4).

Digital democracy is way of increasing the public’s involvement in politics and leads to a stronger and united political nation. Political internet outlets provide a greater sense of community by humanizing politicians and perceiving them as another common person.

The internet is an ever expanding tool in connecting and sharing with other users. It is a public forum that only now the government and politics have recognized the incredible power it holds. By evolving to new communication technologies of campaigning, the political fight has become stronger and seemingly only won by those who gain the support of the internet demographic through dedication to the internet. Digital democracy will impact on democracy in the offline world but will enhance it rather than detract from the political.

The federal elections of 2007 demonstrate the power of e-democracy and popularity of the internet. The shift towards integration of media communication in campaign strategies still support traditional media campaigning but have the potential to become a mainstream tool(4).


Reference List

Books:

(1) Chadwick, A. 2006, Internet Politics: States, Citizens and New Communication Technologies
(2) Hacker, K.L and Van Dijk, J. 2000, Digital Democracy: Issues of theory and practice, SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.

Internet:

(3) Backhouse, J (2007) e-Democracy in Australia: the Challenge of Evolving a Successful Model, Electronic Journal of e-Government Volume 5 Issue 2 [online]
http://www.ejeg.com/volume-5/vol5-iss2/Backhouse.pdf [access date: 21/10/09]

(4) Backhouse, J (2008) Election Campaigning in the Era of Web 2.0 and Social Media, found in – Remenyi, D (2008) 4th International Conference on e-Government [online]
http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vxs1GhszvFMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA55&dq=e-democracy+rudd+and+howard+elections&ots=imgEt_5kLZ&sig=UBthG_WgngGC3Wz-6gw87LVFoww#v=onepage&q=&f=false [access date: 21/10/09]

(5) Griffiths, M (2008) Participation Verite: Lessons from Australian New Media Democracy 2007-08 – found in Hahamis, P (2008) Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on e-Government [online]
http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=KjALtIPW14AC&oi=fnd&pg=PA299&dq=e-democracy+rudd+and+howard+elections&ots=k7DZ3wTCju&sig=uRwwC4Cojd5hJjwyVPSTuJQ4cjs#v=onepage&q=&f=false [access date: 21/10/09]

(6) Hills, R (2007) Politics turns to the web [online]
http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,22530075-27197,00.html [access date: 21/10/09]

Citations:

Books:

Dahlberg, L. and Siapera, E. 2007, Radical Democracy and the Internet: Interrogating theory and practice, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, USA.

Hague, B.N. and Loader, B.D 1999, Digital Democracy: Discourse and Decision Making in the Information Age, Routledge, New York, USA.

Vicktor, M. and Lazer, D. 2007, Governance and Information Technology: From Electronic Government to Information Government, The MIT Press, USA.

Webster, F. 2001, Culture and Politics in the Information Age: A new politics?, Routledge, New York, USA.

Internet:

Fishlock, S (2007) The Internet’s role in the 2007 Federal Election [online]
http://www.datalink.com.au/company/blog/ramblings/the_internet_and_the_2007_federal_election [access date: 21/10/09]
Figure 1. Australian Labor Party (posted 6/08/07) Why Vote Labor? Kevin Rudd tells you his plan for Australia [online] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQg34SW4Oz0&NR=1 [access date: 22/10/09]

ireport

Extra

Some extra stuff we could do was extend on the topics spoken about in the lectures. I have expanded on the gaming lecture so see that lecture for the explaination of my link the gaming world.

i-report

The i-report was created in a group and is uploaded Amy's blog.
For now I can only give the link to her blog because I do not have the file to upload myself until I manage to get a copy of it from her. When I have the copy it will be uploaded =]

Layout.

HELLO HELLO
OVER HERE.

If you haven't noticed yet. I went that EXTRA mile and figured out how to change my template to one i downloaded off the internet. Now it looks pretty =]

Woops

So I forgot to respond to a news blogger.
Well I have but I can't find it in the comment list so I will link the page.
The article was about Wikipedia and commented about how it is good for finding random information and that someone edited a page about a famous person saying that the person had died and wikipedia had to apologise.

Lecture Summary

Week 7:

For week 7's lecture we had Stephen Stockwell as a lecturer and he talked about politics and the internet.

Cyberpolitics: the politics that exist on the internet. This includes discussions of politics or political activties that occur on or between bloggers, gamers, etc.

E-Domocracy: is the intervention and contribution of the internet on "real world" politics that exists off the internet. Political campaiging to minster's use of twitter and youtube (or other media genres) all coexisst under the umberella of e-domocracy as it is the governement's use of the internet.

Stephen spoke about the media and the "public sphere" and also about free speech and censorship.

More on the "clean feed"

ISPs give clean feed filter a technical green-light
David Ramli 24 July, 2009 15:51:00

The majority of Internet filter trial participants report no slowdowns or accidental blockings despite ISP filtering.
More than half of the Internet service providers (ISPs) taking part in the Federal Government’s ISP filtering trial have reported minimal speed disruptions or technology problems.
Of the nine participating ISPs, iPrimus, Netforce, Webshield, Nelson Bay Online and OMNIconnect told ARN they had seen no slowdowns in Internet speeds or problems with the filtering solutions in place.
Of the remaining four ISPs, Tech2U and Highway1 were unable to respond by time of publication while Unwired and Optus refused to comment.
iPrimus Australia CEO, Ravi Bhatia, said his company’s ISP filtering trial, which must be opted into by its customers, had “probably involved a few thousand users”.
“The users have not experienced any problems, they haven’t experienced any service degradation so it’s been a pretty good experience,” he said.
The results would be finalised by next week, Bhatia said.
Webshield managing director, Anthony Pillion, said his entire customer base of a few thousand end-users experienced no slow-down in Internet speeds whatsoever.
“From a technical perspective we’re more than confident that if the government decided to roll out a mandatory Internet filter based on or around an Australian Communications and Media Authority [ACMA] blacklist or subset thereof, then it can be done without any impact whatsoever to the speed of the Internet,” he said.
Although OMNIconnect’s managing director, Peter Hutton, received no complaints about slowed speeds or technical problems after the filtering hardware was in place, he said the blacklist provided by ACMA had banned legitimate websites and caused customer dissatisfaction.
“Some of the customers complained because the block list really hadn’t been moderated well enough,” OMNIconnect chief technician, Graeme Lee, said. “One in particular was a site called Redtube.com. The whole site had been blocked and it was just a standard pornography site,” Hutton said.
“Relating to that particular site we did have complaints that people couldn’t get through to it. They opted out of the trial straight away. It was a very embarrassing experience.”
ACMA refused to confirm or deny the website's legality or if it was currently on the blacklist and advised users to read its
guidelines for rating internet content.
One common issue with most of the ISPs was the lack of voluntary participants, especially with companies using an opt-in system.
Managing director of Nelson Bay Online, Patrick Sayer, said only 1 per cent of his entire customer base decided to opt-into the system, resulting in just 15 users.
When asked if he believed the trials provided a fair representative study, Hutton’s answer was an unequivocal “no”.
“That’s why we’ve asked for an extension to continue the trial till the end of this month and I understand a number of other ISPs have done the same thing,” he said.
The results come on the back of earlier comments from the Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy, Senator Stephen Conroy that the current trial’s success or failure would help form much of the government’s opinions on mandatory nation-wide ISP filtering.
“We'll be guided by that trial. We've always said, consistently, we'll be guided by the trial,” the Minister said on the
ABC’s Q&A program.

From my understading, Kevin Rudd wants to turn Australia's internet into communist China. This is pretty much impossible because it takes away the rights we have as Australian citizens. We have the right to free speech and the internet is medium of communication and by blocking and censoring the internet is taking away a form of expression. The filters will slow down the already slow connection we have in Australia. On top of this, internet savy people (mostly the reason why the clean feed will be put into place) will be creating proxy servers to get around the censorship and leaving the rest of us to suffer with the concequences of their internet behaviour. Why should the general Australian public suffer while it is a small minority group that has encouraged this type of censorship.

In the way of censorship, this can dictate what we can access and view on the internet. Someone might decide that youtube is offencive and block the site; then what happens to those who use the site to promote their videos gain access to the public domain?

Yes can see why the clean feed sounds like a good idea. To prevent sex acts on the internet and terrorism and what not, but what happens to the "Australia is a free country! We are democratic not communist",this just happens to fly out the window. Australian internet, say hello to China.

Lecture Summary

Week 10's lecture was about gaming. How exciting. I hate games with a passion. They bore me and I seriously do not have any inclination to play them. From a personal view I think they are a complete waste of time and a waste of important brain cells which could be doing way more important things, like possible making friends or doings something to benefit the real world, not a computerised relatity.

Josh was talking about how there are different mediums and generes of games. I have herd from my gaming nerd brother about first person shooter and other genres of games that he plays, for example counter strike and world of war craft (compeletly pointless if you ask me). Console games are not as bad, although they are highly addicitve. Console games carry less of a social stigma because games like gutiar hero are actually semi-cool.

No matter what it comes to a point where gaming is taken overboard and a prime example of this is my brother. He is year 12 and spends every waking hour (other than the time he is at school) on the computer playing online games. He has no job and spends no joke possible about 30 hours over the weekend on the games. He sits in his bedroom on the computer all day everyday and only comes out for necessity then (I am not joking) runs back to the computer. I has come to the point where I think his interaction with real people is affected. He doesn't think about anything else except for the games he plays and does not hang out with his friends other then when he sees them at school. It's really sad because he constantly upgrades his computer and has made our parents fork out $300+ for a wireless gaming internet modem and also 80 bucks a month for faster internet connection so it doesn't "lag" his computer.

Personally I think games have ruined the lives and future prospects of many people.
SAY NO TO GAMING.

Lecture Summary

Week 9


Jason took this lecture.. and I'm pretty sure he doesn't understand how to tie his tie correctly; maybe the wonkie look is his style?

This week he talked to us about flash and photoshop and how we should "explore" programs rather then use the bare minimum. He told us to use tutorials and use the INTERNET to help our creative mind blossom.

Here are his lecture notes...
  • think about what you want to do before you start. no need to download crazy out there software just to re-size a picture or what not.
  • good software is deep, takes years to learn how to be a pro at it
  • start playing around, learn the basics, common features
  • save every time you do something under different names, do not write over the same file.
  • help is NOT helpful for real help go to a specific site that is about the program, then search on that
  • ironically, the moment you learn the software, a new package or new version will replace it
  • the most easiest things to do on the software are usually the most boring....explore around
  • have fun!

Artworks

This weeks task is to post artworks that we have created. During my five years at high school I actually studied art for all those years (although I don't think I was very good). Here is a few examples of what have produced.


The first is a life drawing piece which I managed to draw in 10 minutes. It was weird because the lady was naked.... and a hippy and maybe she was French, I need say no more. I think this was in 2007.

The next is an extension of this class. I used the outline and collaged either the inner or outter with small images.


This piece is a gaint box and you were supposed to stand inside. The topic was senses and the walls were reflective. I made this after seeing an artwork by Yayoi Kusama at GoMA, which uses the concept of infinity by the use of reflections through mirrors. (2007)





The last one I would like to share was something I made last year in year 12. It is made out of stockings painted with fluro paint to glow under UV lights. It took me almost three hours to attach about 30 stockings to the roof of the art gallery at school.








This weeks exercise was to participate in politics via the internet.


E-PETITION


The e-petition I signed up to was to petition against the sale of public assets which said it was going to be sent to Anna Bligh.







LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVES




The member for my local electorate is Alex Douglas, member for Gaven.






The Queensland Permier is Anna Bligh. She is on Master Chef ;)




The Prime Minister is Kevin Rudd.


The Federal member for Gold Coast is Ronald Boswell.


THE LAST TIME MY MEMBER SPOKE IN PARLIAMENT


The time Alex Douglas spoke in parliament was on Septmeber 17, 2009. He spoke about the Personal Properties Securities (Commonwealth Power) Bill. The Bill was about enabling the commonwealth parliament to enfoce national laws for the regulation of personal propery securities and to establish and maintian a national register for all personal property security intersests. Alex Douglas supported this Bill.


WHAT IS BARACK OBAMA UP TO TODAY?



Today Barack Obama is on the David Letterman show! David Letterman didn't sleep with all his co-workers... wait or maybe he did?


"I was actually black before the election" - Barack Obama








CONTACT YOUR LOCAL MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT


In ways of contacting Alex Douglas I found his website and sent him an email stating the following about his speech:

Dear Mr Douglas,

As a student at Griffith University and also a resident of your electorate I would like to say I do agree with your support your speech of the Personal Property Securities (Commonwealth Power) Bill. I believe you adressed the issues of differing state legistations and I do agree with a blanket bill that clearly states the legistation equalling this out between the states.

Kind Regards,

Clachere Beard

I also found by perusing his site that he also has a twitter and facebook account.

"THE CLEAN FEED"

Once typing "clean feed australia" into google the top sites seem to be anti clean feed.

So is the clean feed?

The Australian Federal Government is pushing forward with a plan to force Internet Service Providers [ISPs] to censor the Internet for all Australians. This plan will waste tens of millions of taxpayer dollars and slow down Internet access.

Despite being almost universally condemned by the public, ISPs, State Governments, Media and censorship experts, Communications Minister Stephen Conroy is determined to force this filter into your home.

On this site I also found the blog for the anti clean feed, so enjoy!







Freeware

Thank you to the smart people in the world who created sites to share software for FREE. I would like to thank them for Photoshop and Adobe packages which have helped me gain As in art classes. In addition to this (whilst not admiting too) peer to peer site are extermely useful and save the average person a load of money.


For my Art and Cultural Work class I had to create a soundtrack from recorded sounds in my surrounding environment. Long story short, I recorded the sounds on my phone and this had compressed the files when I tried to export them into Audacity which is another free software. To solve this problem I enlisted the help of google to find a AMR to MP3 converter. I can't remember the exact site however it is one programe that is made to do one thing and it works wonderfully. It is simple and easy to use, although it is also fast and can convert multiple files at once.




Audacity on the other hand is another free downloadable software that allows the user to compose their own songs or musical interpretation. The program comes from a link to sourceforge. I found it easy to use once I played around for a while, but like all software you have to learn the program to be able to use it correctly and to your advantage.